Track Categories
The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
Natural Compounds are synthesized in living organisms by a sequence of reactions usually catalysed by enzymes. Natural product is a chemical substance produced by living organism; a term used commonly in reference to chemical substances found in nature that have distinctive pharmacological effects. There are many examples of important natural compounds as drugs. Coumarins are the largest group of 1-benzopyran derivatives found in plants and it can be prepared with the Perkin reaction between salicylaldehyde and acetic anhydride. Within the field of organic chemistry, natural compounds are prepared by separating them from biological sources that are produced by the Metabolic pathways.
Natural Compounds have been a rich source of lead molecules in drug discovery. NMR spectroscopy approaches to mixture analysis that demonstrates the commonalities between traditional natural products chemistry and metabolomics. Isolating bioactive compounds from mixtures can be done in two different ways. The mixture can either be separated on the source of its behaviour in a biological assay, or by separating molecules from the mixture that have interesting chemical structures. Now a day’s spectroscopic techniques are used directly to screen natural product. Mass Spectrometry in the form of methods such as ESI-ICFTMS and FACS-MS. As well as NMR methods such as SAR by NMR and STD-NMR have been utilized to effectively screen molecular libraries. In general promising advances in mass spectrometry, NMR and other technologies are making it possible to overcome the challenges encountered in screening natural products in today’s drug discovery environment.
Natural products and their derivatives have been used as a source of therapeutic agents. Natural products used for medicinal purpose- the compounds derived from the plants, animals and marine organisms. Now days the natural products are used for many diseases for better prevention as well as therapeutic options. The research on natural products explores a variety of major structures used for the development of new drugs by the pharmaceutical industry. Charaka Samhita is the first dissertation keen to the perceptions and practice of Indian Ayurveda which contains 341 plants derived medicines whereas Sushruta Samhita was keen to surgical practices.
A huge number of populations were affected by chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and cancer. Current studies show that natural compounds derived small molecules may have potential in reducing risk of chronic diseases. Amongst the natural resources for new bioactive chemicals, terrestrial plants, bacteria and fungi have usually played a key role whereas many interesting new active molecules are found in marine life forms. Such molecules of natural origin that show a hopeful potential to act against the pathogens responsible for neglected tropical diseases.
Despite of substantial developments of extraction and separation techniques, isolation of natural products is still a challenging task. In this following session, major tools which are used in plant authentication will be discussed. Wide ranges of methods are available for identification of biological materials (plants, marine organisms, microorganisms) which are applicable to different degrees for confirmation of unknown material. A combination of several methods might be necessary for clear validation. The various processes used for extraction are: Maceration, Infusion, Digestion, Decoction and Percolation.
Herbal formulations are gradually required out as medicinal products, nutritional supplements and cosmetic in recent years. Herbal medicines originated firstly in the Asian countries and today they are being seen as therapeutic agents for several chronic diseases. Standardization of herbal medicines is the process of prescribing a set of standards or inherent characteristics, constant parameters, definitive qualitative and quantitative values that carry an assurance of quality, efficacy, safety and reproducibility. Herbal drugs are a finished product which is categorised depending upon the ingredients contained in them. Several quality standards as laid down in formularies, pharmacopoeias or manufacturing operation are followed through legal obligatory good manufacturing practices by regulatory authorities.
A psychoactive compounds is a chemical substance that alterations brain function and consequences in changes in perception, consciousness or behavior. These substances may be used medically; recreationally; to purposefully progress performance for research. Psychoactive substances include Caffeine, Tryptamine, Myristicin, Psilocybin, Cannabis and Hemp. Cannabis produces a variety compounds known as cannabinoids, many of which have not been noticed in any other plant. Eight Major Cannabinoid Acids Produced by Cannabis. CBGA (Cannabigerolic acid), THCA (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid), CBDA (Cannabidiolic acid), CBCA (Cannabichromenenic acid), CBGVA (Cannabigerovarinic acid), THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin acid), CBDA (Cannabidivarinic acid), CBCVA (Cannabichromevarinic acid). Psychoactives like ayahuasca, iboga, etc. can be astonishingly beneficial and radically transformative. Psychoacvtive drugs are mainly used in Anesthesia, Pain management, Mental disorders.
Organic Synthesis is a compound creating activity repeatedly focused on biologically active small molecules. Over a century chemists and biologists have been exploring the functions of small molecules in living systems. Methods require the genetic engineering of model systems whereas modern organic synthesis is playing progressively prominent role. Modern classifications include, but are not limited to, screening in cell lines utilizing very modern techniques (a high content screen) that are designed to show interactions within cells when treated with an "agent". In 1990s, the pharmaceutical industries used the high-throughput screening of chemicals against potential targets was highlight though in parallel, screening of natural product diminished.
Herbs were once the essential of medication and pharmacology, and around a section of drugs are derived from chemical individuals in medicinal plants. Herbs, vitamins, minerals, and other dietary supplements are very popular, pharmacologically active products.
The natural products obtained from mainly plants, animals, marine sources, microbial world, venoms and other toxins. Natural compounds are the richest source of biologically active compounds whereas today’s medicine obtained directly from natural source or developed from a chief compound initially obtained from a natural source. Moreover natural products and their derivatives have been recognized for many years as a source of therapeutic agents and structural diversity. Natural products are with an excellent chemical diversity and long term of usage with wide acceptance.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Despite the estimated 565,650 deaths in 2008 of Americans as a result of cancer, it is mostly a preventable disease. Chemoprevention is a means of cancer control by which the manifestation of the disease can be entirely prevented, slowed down, or reversed by the administration of one or more naturally occurring and/or synthetic agents. Tea is one of the most broadly consumed beverages and is rich in substances with antioxidant properties. The main natural cancer therapeutics is Tubulin binding agents (Vinca alkaloids, Taxanes) and Topoisomerase inhibitor (Camptothecins, Epipodophyllotoxins, Anthracyclines). Arsenic is a common, naturally occurring substance used in TCM practices for more than 2000 years. Apart from combating malaria and plague, this ancient remedy, containing 95% arsenic trioxide (As2O3), was once applied to cancer therapy. Some of the natural compounds that are useful in the treatment of cancer are Curcumin, Resveratrol, Lycopene, Luteolin, Genistein, and Artemisinin.
Any conventional medicine can have side effects and the side effects are labelled and reported after Clinical trials and research studies have been conducted. Unconventional treatments such as herbs have little or no actual scientific basis. Side effects of herbal medicine depend upon the herbal remedy of dosage and any pharmaceutical medication taken by the patient. The interactions occur of taking herbal medicines with pharmaceutical medications. The common side effects of interaction occur of taking herbal and pharmaceutical medications are: photosensitivity, skin irritation, sleepiness.
Pharmacology is a branch of science that deals with the mode of action of drug. Clinical pharmacology is basic science of pharmacology on the use pharmacological principles in medical clinic and towards patient care. Clinical pharmacology repeatedly uses the methods that have been developed by other disciplines such as biology, physiology, analytical chemistry. The consequence of a new compound has to be identified by Invitro and Invivo procedures of pharmacology. Pharmacology and toxicology are interconnected disciplines in the field of biomedical science. There are numerous types of drugs to treat diseases. Some of the drugs act in the Central Nervous System is Sedative-Hypnotic drugs, Anti-seizure drugs, General Anaesthetics, Antipsychotic agents, Antidepressants, Opioid analgesics & antagonists.
Herbal pharmacology deals with the chemical constituents, mechanism of action, routes of absorption, metabolism and excretion of particular plant. Herbal pharmacology uses organic herbs and plants to stimulate physical, demonstrative, and spiritual health. Identifying the pharmaceutical mechanisms of herbal drugs poses frequent challenges not generally faced by conventional drugs .Compared to the mechanism of action of herbal drugs; conventional drug pharmacology is relatively straightforward.
Pharmacognosy is the study of the physical, chemical and biological properties of drug or drug substances of natural origin also the search for new drugs from natural sources. Plant preparations are said to be medicinal or herbal when they are used to promote health beyond basic nutrition. Crude drugs is known to the natural product that has not been in advanced in condition by any process or treatment beyond that which is essential for its proper packaging and prevention from deterioration. Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals or branch of chemistry that deals with biochemical processes related with plant life and the chemical complexes produced by plants. Medicinal plants are a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals. It is well known that plants produce chemicals to protect themselves, but recent researches demonstrate that many phytochemicals can also protect human against diseases.
Pharmacology is the study of substances that interact with living organisms through chemical processes, by binding to regulatory molecules and stimulating normal body processes. Scope is an area in which something Acts or Operates or Controls with the subject. There are three phases in drug development; drug discovery phase, preclinical phase, clinical trial phase. The scope of pharmacology is rapidly expanding and provides the rational basis for the therapeutic use of the drug. Usually some sort of biological screen is used to select among organic compounds for optimum pharmacological activity.
Bioprospecting is the method of discovery and commercialization of new products based on natural resources. Plants, fungi, animals, bacteria and plenty of other organisms may contain natural compounds that could be of benefit for us. More recently, bioprospecting has also included research conducted into indigenous knowledge about the use of biological resources. Finally, bioprospecting must be taken into account the rights of original communities, their knowledge and traditions in terms of the research and commercialization of their heritage.
The study of drugs, including their origin, nature, chemistry, uses and adverse effects and also includes the study of substances that bind to regulatory molecules and activate/inhibit normal body processes is known as pharmacology. Major divisions of pharmacology are pharmacokinetics (what body does to the drug) and pharmacodynamics (what drug does to the body). Pharmacokinetics deals with drug dose, routes of administration and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion whereas pharmacodynamics deals with the mechanism of action, pharmacological effects, indication and contraindication of use and adverse effects of drugs.
Natural product synthesis aims to prepare a complex target molecule such that the product is analytically identical to the naturally occurring compound, termed a natural product. It is used for structure confirmation, but also as a test for new synthetic methodology and sometimes to assist in identifying how the compound is made naturally.
Therapeutics is a branch of medicine dealing with an application of therapies to diseases. A drug can be defined like any compound introduced into a living organism, in order to prevent or to cure a disease. Therapeutic is the part of the medicine which studies and applies the means suitable to therapy and to relieve the patients. The mode of action of the majority of drugs is known. The drugs whose mechanism of action is not explained are generally active only at very high doses, which show their weak affinity for a particular type of target and suppose a diffuse activity on several targets. A therapeutic effect is a significance of a treatment of any kind, the results of which are judged to be necessary and beneficial.
The worldwide herbal drug market is expected to reach nearly $86.74 billion by 2022, increasing at a CAGR of around 6.8% between 2017 and 2022. The industrialists are focussing on enlightening the quality of herbal products. Around 80% of world’s population using traditional medicines as their healthcare purpose. Pharmaceutical sector held the highest compound annual growth rate from 2016 to 2022.
Ethnobotany is the study of science that deals with the region’s plant life and their practical uses through the traditional knowledge of a local culture and people. The course represents the history of traditional plant use in relation to culture development. The aim of ethnobotany is to study how and in what ways people use nature and how and in what ways people view nature. The process of drug discovery using ethnopharmacology is at various stages like information source, scientific investigation, extraction, test for activity and chemical examination. Chemical examination should linked with tests for biological activity.