Track Categories
The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
A huge number of populations were affected by chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and cancer. Current studies show that natural compounds derived small molecules may have potential in reducing risk of chronic diseases. Amongst the natural resources for new bioactive chemicals, terrestrial plants, bacteria and fungi have usually played a key role whereas many interesting new active molecules are found in marine life forms. Such molecules of natural origin that show a hopeful potential to act against the pathogens responsible for neglected tropical diseases.
Natural products and their derivatives have been used as a source of therapeutic agents. Natural products used for medicinal purpose- the compounds derived from the plants, animals and marine organisms. Now days the natural products are used for many diseases for better prevention as well as therapeutic options. The research on natural products explores a variety of major structures used for the development of new drugs by the pharmaceutical industry. Charaka Samhita is the first dissertation keen to the perceptions and practice of Indian Ayurveda which contains 341 plants derived medicines whereas Sushruta Samhita was keen to surgical practices.
Natural products can also be prepared by both semisynthesis and total synthesis and have played a crucial role in the advancements of the field of organic chemistry by providing interesting synthetic targets. Natural product synthesis aims to make a complex target molecule such that the product is systematically equal to the naturally occurring compound, termed a natural product.
The natural products obtained from mainly plants, animals, marine sources, microbial world, venoms and other toxins. Natural compounds are the richest source of biologically active compounds whereas today’s medicine obtained directly from natural source or developed from a chief compound initially obtained from a natural source. Moreover natural products and their derivatives have been recognized for many years as a source of therapeutic agents and structural diversity. Natural products are with an excellent chemical diversity and long term of usage with wide acceptance.
Ethnobotany is the study of science that deals with the region’s plant life and their practical uses through the traditional knowledge of a local culture and people. The course represents the history of traditional plant use in relation to culture development. The aim of ethnobotany is to study how and in what ways people use nature and how and in what ways people view nature. The process of drug discovery using ethnopharmacology is at various stages like information source, scientific investigation, extraction, test for activity and chemical examination. Chemical examination should linked with tests for biological activity.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Despite the estimated 565,650 deaths in 2008 of Americans as a result of cancer, it is mostly a preventable disease. Chemoprevention is a means of cancer control by which the manifestation of the disease can be entirely prevented, slowed down, or reversed by the administration of one or more naturally occurring and/or synthetic agents. Tea is one of the most broadly consumed beverages and is rich in substances with antioxidant properties. The main natural cancer therapeutics is Tubulin binding agents (Vinca alkaloids, Taxanes) and Topoisomerase inhibitor (Camptothecins, Epipodophyllotoxins, Anthracyclines). Arsenic is a common, naturally occurring substance used in TCM practices for more than 2000 years. Apart from combating malaria and plague, this ancient remedy, containing 95% arsenic trioxide (As2O3), was once applied to cancer therapy. Some of the natural compounds that are useful in the treatment of cancer are Curcumin, Resveratrol, Lycopene, Luteolin, Genistein, and Artemisinin.
Natural Compounds are synthesized in living organisms by a sequence of reactions usually catalysed by enzymes. Natural product is a chemical substance produced by living organism; a term used commonly in reference to chemical substances found in nature that have distinctive pharmacological effects. There are many examples of important natural compounds as drugs. Coumarins are the largest group of 1-benzopyran derivatives found in plants and it can be prepared with the Perkin reaction between salicylaldehyde and acetic anhydride. Within the field of organic chemistry, natural compounds are prepared by separating them from biological sources that are produced by the Metabolic pathways.
Pharmacognosy is the study of the physical, chemical and biological properties of drug or drug substances of natural origin also the search for new drugs from natural sources. Plant preparations are said to be medicinal or herbal when they are used to promote health beyond basic nutrition. Crude drugs is known to the natural product that has not been in advanced in condition by any process or treatment beyond that which is essential for its proper packaging and prevention from deterioration. Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals or branch of chemistry that deals with biochemical processes related with plant life and the chemical complexes produced by plants. Medicinal plants are a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals. It is well known that plants produce chemicals to protect themselves, but recent researches demonstrate that many phytochemicals can also protect human against diseases.
Medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry are disciplines at the connection of chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, and pharmacology and various other biological subjects, where they are involved with design, chemical synthesis and development for market of pharmaceutical agents. Medicinal chemist combines complete knowledge of the synthetic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and biology literature with the ability to drive the project forward. It is characteristically a multidisciplinary topic — beginning with the synthesis of potential drugs followed by studies investigating their interactions with biological targets to understand the medicinal effects of the drug, its metabolism and side-effects.
A psychoactive compounds is a chemical substance that alterations brain function and consequences in changes in perception, consciousness or behavior. These substances may be used medically; recreationally; to purposefully progress performance for research. Psychoactive substances include Caffeine, Tryptamine, Myristicin, Psilocybin, Cannabis and Hemp. Cannabis produces a variety compounds known as cannabinoids, many of which have not been noticed in any other plant. Eight Major Cannabinoid Acids Produced by Cannabis. CBGA (Cannabigerolic acid), THCA (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid), CBDA (Cannabidiolic acid), CBCA (Cannabichromenenic acid), CBGVA (Cannabigerovarinic acid), THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin acid), CBDA (Cannabidivarinic acid), CBCVA (Cannabichromevarinic acid). Psychoactives like ayahuasca, iboga, etc. can be astonishingly beneficial and radically transformative. Psychoacvtive drugs are mainly used in Anesthesia, Pain management, Mental disorders.
Any conventional medicine can have side effects and the side effects are labelled and reported after Clinical trials and research studies have been conducted. Unconventional treatments such as herbs have little or no actual scientific basis. Side effects of herbal medicine depend upon the herbal remedy of dosage and any pharmaceutical medication taken by the patient. The interactions occur of taking herbal medicines with pharmaceutical medications. The common side effects of interaction occur of taking herbal and pharmaceutical medications are: photosensitivity, skin irritation, sleepiness.
Isolation and purification of compounds from natural products is the most important step for molecule structure identification, bioactivity test, quantity control of natural products and further industrial production. Despite of substantial developments of extraction and separation techniques, isolation of natural products is still a challenging task. In this following session, major tools which are used in plant authentication will be discussed. Wide ranges of methods are available for identification of biological materials (plants, marine organisms, microorganisms) which are applicable to different degrees for confirmation of unknown material. A combination of several methods might be necessary for clear validation. The various processes used for extraction are: Maceration, Infusion, Digestion, Decoction and Percolation.
Plant biotechnology can be defined as the overview of desirable characters into plants through genetic alteration. Plant biotechnology is a set of methods used to adapt plants for specific need. For example, a single crop may be required to provide sustainable food and healthful nutrition, protection of the environment, and opportunities for jobs and income. Finding or developing suitable plants is typically a highly complex challenge. The term biogenesis refers to the production of life from already-living matter. This contrasts with abiogenesis, which refers to the production of life from non-living matter. Natural abiogenesis has never been experimental, nor are there any generally accepted models for how it could occur. Biogenesis, on the other hand, is routinely observed at all levels of life. When a bacteria divides, a plant produces seeds, or a mammal gives birth, biogenesis is occurring.
Natural products will continue to be extremely important as sources of medicinal agents. The use of plants as medicines has a long history in the treatment of various diseases. The plant-derived compounds have a long history of clinical use, better patient tolerance and acceptance. There is growing evidence that the old molecules are finding new applications through better understanding of molecular biology and clinical observations. For instance, the alkaloid, forskolin from Coleus forskohlii and phytochemicals from Stephania glabra, are now being rediscovered as adenylate cyclase and nitric oxide activators, which may help in preventing conditions including obesity and atherosclerosis. Natural products discovered so far have played a vital role in improving the human health and have been the drugs of choice despite facing a tough competition from compounds derived from computational and combinatorial chemistry, due to their safety and efficacy.
Plant biochemistry examines the molecular mechanisms of plant life. One of the main topics is photosynthesis, which in higher plants takes place mainly in the leaves. Plants are the source of important industrial raw material such as fat and starch, but they are also the basis for the production of pharmaceutics. It is to be expected that in future gene technology will lead to the extensive use of plants as a means of producing sustainable raw material for industrial purposes. Plant agricultural production is the basis for human nutrition. Plant gene technology, which can be observed as a section of plant biochemistry, makes a contribution to combat the impending global food shortage due to the enormous growth of the world population. The use of environmentally compatible herbicides and protection against viral or fungal infestation by means of gene technology is of great economic importance. Plant biochemistry is also instrumental in breeding productive varieties of crop plants.
Natural Compounds have been a rich source of lead molecules in drug discovery. NMR spectroscopy approaches to mixture analysis that demonstrates the commonalities between traditional natural products chemistry and metabolomics. Isolating bioactive compounds from mixtures can be done in two different ways. The mixture can either be separated on the source of its behaviour in a biological assay, or by separating molecules from the mixture that have interesting chemical structures. Now a day’s spectroscopic techniques are used directly to screen natural product. Mass Spectrometry in the form of methods such as ESI-ICFTMS and FACS-MS. As well as NMR methods such as SAR by NMR and STD-NMR have been utilized to effectively screen molecular libraries. In general promising advances in mass spectrometry, NMR and other technologies are making it possible to overcome the challenges encountered in screening natural products in today’s drug discovery environment.
At a scientific level, pharmacologists who are interested in natural products face many challenges. 1. Rapid advances in related scientific disciplines (e.g. molecular biology, immunology) made us look like dinosaurs. However, we need to learn new concepts and technologies, and more importantly, to incorporate what we learn in our research.
2. Modern chemistry and material sciences have blurred the boundary between natural products and synthetic materials. A great many of substances are neither natural nor purely man-made. We need to venture out of our comfort zones to embrace such great opportunities.
3. The use of natural products by human beings to combat diseases and promote health has never been with single known chemical identity until very recently. Acceptance of application for herbal medications with multiple ingredients by the USFDA signals to the world a change of attitude towards acknowledging “good clinical observation”.
Currently it’s becoming more common for doctors to incorporate both traditional and alternative medicine together. Often, it isn’t just the latest state-of-the-art machine that will help a patient, it’s using alternative medicine along with it- methods that have been used successfully for centuries in other cultures and countries.
Conventional medicine is traditional medicine is most us are familiar with (local doctors, clinics, hospitals, pharmacies). Alternative medicine includes a philosophy and practice that is inclusive of a variety of world cultures.
When it comes to medicine and treatment, we often live in a bubble, thinking that traditional medicine is the only way. Because of global communication and the openness of the internet, however, more and more people are becoming aware that there are alternatives to traditional medicines. The traditional medicine treats symptoms and problems of a certain given area, whereas alternative medicine focuses on cause and prevention, overall health, and non-traditional, often natural treatments.
Chemistry of Marine natural products discovers the marine environment and its chemical composition. Marine natural drugs discuss about phenols and its derivatives, including bromophenols and dibrophenol. Amino acids, carbohydrates, and polymers. Oceanographers, marine biologists, marine scientists, pharmacologists, researchers, teachers, and students will be concluded under this track.
Bioprospecting is the method of discovery and commercialization of new products based on natural resources. Plants, fungi, animals, bacteria and plenty of other organisms may contain natural compounds that could be of benefit for us. More recently, bioprospecting has also included research conducted into indigenous knowledge about the use of biological resources. Finally, bioprospecting must be taken into account the rights of original communities, their knowledge and traditions in terms of the research and commercialization of their heritage.